Many composite workflow services utilize non-imperative XML technologies such as WSDL, XPath, XML schema, and XML messages. Regression testing should assure the services against regression faults that appear in both the workflows and these artifacts. In this paper, we propose a refinement-oriented level-exploration strategy and a multilevel coverage model that captures progressively the coverage of different types of artifacts by the test cases. We show that by using them, the test case prioritization techniques initialized on top of existing greedy-based test case prioritization strategy form a subsumption hierarchy such that a technique can produce more test suite permutations than a technique that subsumes it. Our experimental study of a model instance shows that a technique generally achieves a higher fault detection rate than a subsumed technique, which validates that the proposed hierarchy and model have the potential to improve the cost-effectiveness of test case prioritization techniques. Keywords: Test case prioritization, service orientation, XPath, WSDL, XML messages

1. This research is supported in part by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (project no. 2014CB340702), the General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (project nos. 111410, 716612, and 717811), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 61379045), and the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (grant no. 2012ZX01039-004). 2. IBM Research — China, Beijing, China. 3. Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong. 4. (Corresponding author.) School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China. Email: 5. State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 6. Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

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